2. The earliest candles are believed to have been made of what substance?
From Quiz A Brief History of Candles
Answer:
Tallow
A candle is basically a piece of string, or wick, embedded in a solid, flammable substance that burns when lit, emitting light. Tallow is rendered animal fat, usually from cattle or sheep. The earliest candles were made by dipping a string in a vat of liquid fat, removing it and letting the fat dry, then dipping it again. After dipping it repeatedly, layers of fat would build up around the string, forming a candle. Did you know that there is no general agreement about which civilization invented the candle? Some give credit to the ancient Egyptians (3000 BC), others to the Romans (500 BC), and still others to the Chinese (200 BC). Part of the reason for the different opinions is what one considers to be a true candle; the ancient sources often do not give detailed descriptions. The early Egyptian "candles" may have just been reeds dipped in wax or fat, and lacking a wick. One thing that is certain is that candles have been around for a long, long time.