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1. Born in 1861, son of an Edinburgh distiller, this historical figure served as a military adviser to the Liberal Minister of War, Lord Haldane, between 1906 and 1908. He was very critical of Sir John French, the commander of the Western Front, 1912-15, and eventually replaced him in December 1915, remaining in this position to the end of the war.
2. This historical figure was born in 1865 in Prussia, the son of a family of rural merchants. In 1914 he was appointed chief of staff to General Hindenburg and by 1916 he became very much the controller of the German war effort.
3. Previously a journalist, he fought in the First World War and became wounded and was angry at how little Italy gained in the peace treaties. He set up his own party, know as the Fascists, and in 1922 organised a march in Rome which made him prime minister. He soon made himself dictator of Italy and wanted success abroad to boost his popularity.
4. British Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940, Lord Mayor of Birmingham, Chancellor of the Exchequer, this historical figure had a great desire to keep peace in Europe and was the brother of the Nobel Peace Prize winner following the Locarno Treaty in 1925.
5. Born in 1894 in a village in the Ukraine into a very poor family, he served as a political commissar in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, 1918-21. In 1929 he was sent to the Stalin Industrial Academy in Moscow and got to know Stalin's wife. During the purges of the 1930s he rose to the position of second in command of the Moscow party organisation. In 1939 he became a full member of the Politburo.
6. He was born in Mayari, Cuba, in 1926. The son of middle-class parents, he had a good education and received a law degree from the University of Havana in 1950. In 1953 he was jailed following a failed uprising against Juan Batista. He was sent to exile and lived in Mexico and the USA before returning to Cuba in 1956, when he began a guerrilla campaign against Batista. In 1959 he succeeded in overthrowing the dictator and immediately began to reform Cuba.
7. Born in 1931 in the village of Privolnoye in Stavropol province. His family were poor farmers and at the age of 13 he began work on the farm. In the 1950s he studied Law at Moscow University, returning to Stavropol after he graduated. He worked as a Communist Party official and was eventually promoted to become a member of the central committee of the Communist Party with the responsibilty for agriculture. The Politburo made him its new leader at the age of 54.
8. He was born in 1878 and became leader of the German National Liberal Party before 1914. He became Chancellor briefly in 1923 and foreign secretary from 1924-29. He died in October 1929.
9. He was a famous fighter pilot during the First World War and joined the Nazi Party during the 1920s. In 1932 he was elected speaker of the Reichstag and then became its President in 1933. As Prime Minister he also set up the Gestapo and the first concentration camps.
10. Born in Simbirsk in 1870, the son of a school inspector. His revolutionary brother was executed for being involved in the assasination of Alexander II. He went to university to study law but was expelled because he took part in demonstrations. He became involved with Marxism and in 1894 joined a Marxist group. He was sent to London due to his Marxist activities, where he became editor of the Party newspaper, 'Iskra Spark'. In 1903, when the Social Democratic Party split, he led the Bolsheviks.
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