Convicted by UNESCO Trivia Quiz

Answer: Kingston and Arthur's Vale Historic Area (KAVHA)

Norfolk Island was a penal colony from 1788-1855, although not used continuously. It gained a reputation for being 'hell on earth' with whippings and floggings common. There are a number of buildings which are included in the UNESCO listing: the Government House; the Old Military Barracks and officers quarters; the archaeological remains of the two convict gaols; the blacksmith's shop; lime kilns; the landing pier and sea wall.

In 1856, the 193 descendants of the Bounty mutineers were relocated from Pitcairn Island after concerns about overcrowding although two groups returned to Pitcairn Island over the next five years.

Answer: Old Government House and Domain

There are a number of buildings in the precinct which remain, including gatehouses and cottages. Francis Greenway was an architect who was transported to the colony of New South Wales for committing fraud. Several of his buildings, other than these, are still in use today.

Also included within the precinct are a number of trees marked by the local Daurug people as part of their fire management strategies. Parramatta's name is from their language - they called the area Baramada or Burramatta ('Parramatta') which means "head of waters", "the place where the eels lie down" or "eel waters".

Answer: Hyde Park Barracks

This site is also known as the 'Mint Building and Hyde Park Barracks Group; Rum Hospital; Royal Mint - Sydney Branch; Sydney Infirmary and Dispensary; Queen's Square Courts; Queen's Square' showing the variety of purposes it performed. These include as an Immigration Depot for Women as well as a variety of government agencies including the Government Printing Office, Stamp Office and the Vaccine Institute. Before being restored and managed as a museum, a number of state courts also made their homes here.

Answer: Great North Road

Stretching for 260km (162 miles), it was constructed by gangs of up to 720 convicts. Parts of the Great North Road still exist today, although some sections are only accessible by bike or foot. There are a number of 'benchmarks' carved into stone alongside the road, denoting the different gangs. Archaeologists are able to identify the work of specific convicts from their tool marks.

Answer: Brickenden - Woolmers

Both properties were built by convicts under the 'assignment' system where convicts were assigned to work for free settlers who were responsible for providing food and clothing in return for labour. Brickenden is still owned by descendants of the original Archer family, who gained prominence in politics, business and society. Both sites consist of a number of buildings and extensive grounds, and are open to the public.

Answer: Darlington Probation Station

Located on Maria Island, now a National Park, there are several buildings dating from the convict era. Maria Island was closed in 1832 due to the high number of escapes. It was reinstated in 1842 when the system of 'assignment' or allocating prisoners to free settlers was replaced with a centralised system of probation stations.

Maria Island is home to three species of snakes, and a number of bird species. As the name 'Fossil Bay' suggests, there is a rich fossil history adding to its significance.

Answer: Cascades Female Factory

Around 25000 women were sent to the penal colonies, and around half of these were sent to Van Diemen's Land, as Tasmania was named then. Cascades Female Factory was built in 1828, and operated for 28 years. Women were assigned to a 'class' based on behaviour and crime. Those in the first class were assigned to work in outside employment, those in second class made and repaired clothes, those in the lower class undertook activities such as laundry, cleaning, carding and spinning wool.

Answer: Port Arthur Historic Site

Port Arthur is also the site where Australia's first railway track was built in1836, running for 7 km from the nearby town of Taranna, and was designed to transport goods. Port Arthur was one of the 'Separate Prisons' championed by Jeremy Bentham - referring to both the layout and model of rehabilitation. Rather than relying on physical punishment, prisoners were managed using the 'Silent System' and were hooded and not allowed to speak.

The Coal Mines Historic Site includes the remains of a number of buildings as well as mine shafts, there are also four underground cells which were designated as additional punishment . It was built as an outpost from the main site.

Answer: Cockatoo Island

Cockatoo Island was one of the largest ship building facilities in Australia, with the first dry-dock being constructed by convicts. Opened in 1839, some of the first prisoners were transferred here from Norfolk Island. One former resident gained notoriety as the bush ranger Captain Thunderbolt after he managed to escape from the island by swimming ashore.

There are a number of note-worthy buildings including a grain silo, the docks and barrack rooms.

Answer: Fremantle Prison

Fremantle Prison was modelled on Pentonville Prison in the UK and had the longest and tallest cell block in the Southern Hemisphere. It was originally known as the Convict Establishment, being renamed when the colony took responsibility for it in 1886. It was used until its closure in 1991.

Bon Scott from AC/DC was housed here briefly as a 17 year old in the assessment centre on charges of escaping lawful custody, providing a false name and address to police, carnal knowledge and stealing petrol.