20. "A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse!" Who is purported to have uttered these words in the Battle of Bosworth Field, losing both horse and kingdom, and ultimately his life?
From Quiz Fate Plays Chess
Answer:
Richard III
These are the words spoken in Shakespeare's tragedy, "Richard III". They reference the War of the Roses, in which Richard, House of York, was killed. He was the last English monarch to die in battle, 22 August 1485. He was also the last Plantagenet king. The War of the Roses was essentially war between the two English Plantagenet houses, York and Lancaster.
The death of Richard III was significant beyond this, however. As Fate would have it, Richard's son, Edward, Earl of Salisbury, had died in 1484, leaving no Plantagenet heir, neither from York, nor from Lancaster. Henry VII, who triumphed over Richard was not a Plantagenet, but the grandson of Owen Tudor, a member of the royal household who bedded Catherine, the widow of Henry V, producing non-Plantagenet heirs to the throne.
What the death of Richard meant, then, was the assumption to the throne of the Tudor Dynasty, and with the new ruling house, a new period of growth, a Renaissance, a time of exploration in religion, sciences, literature, trade, philosophy and so much more. The English moved from the Middle Ages to embrace the Italian Renaissance, ultimately putting their own stamp on history.
King Arthur has not been totally proven to be anything but myth.
Julius Caesar was an early Roman emperor.
Charles Windsor is Charles, Prince of Wales. As his mother, the reigning Queen Elizabeth II, is still alive in 2016 and seated on the throne of England, polo-playing Charles is more likely to be saying "A kingdom, a kingdom, my horse for a kingdom!"