26. According to Plato, who became king of Lydia by using a magic ring that rendered him invisible?
From Quiz Rings of Power in Legend and Literature
Answer:
Gyges
According to the Republic (Glaucon), Gyges “was a [seventh century BCE] shepherd laboring for the then ruler of Lydia [i.e., Candaules, a descendant of Lydia’s first and eponymous King Lydus] and some part of the earth was shattered by a violent thunderstorm developing along with an earthquake and a chasm appeared at the place where he was pasturing. Seeing this and wondering, he went down and the fable says that he saw, among other wonders, a hollow bronze horse having openings, through which, peeping in, he saw that there was a corpse inside, as it seemed, greater than is usual for men, and wearing nothing else but a golden ring at his hand, that he took off before leaving. When time came for the shepherds to hold their customary assembly in order to prepare their monthly report to the king about the state of the flocks, he came too, wearing this ring. While he was sitting with the others, it chanced that he moved the collet of the ring around toward himself into the inside of his hand; having done this, he disappeared from the sight of those who were sitting beside him, and they discussed of him as of someone who had left. And he wondered and once again feeling for the ring, he turned the collet outwards and, by turning it, reappeared. Reflecting upon this, he put the ring to the test to see if it indeed had such power, and he came to this conclusion that, by turning the collet inwards, he became invisible, outwards, visible.” (Republic, II, 359b-360b.) Gyges used the power of the ring to get into Candaules’ court, where he seduced Candaules’ queen and slew Candaules himself, taking the kingship and founding the Mermnad dynasty, the strongest dynasty to rule ancient Lydia. Plato argues that even the most just of men would be corrupted by the power of such a ring. (Lydus was an Anatolian king at around the year 1000 BCE; Croesus, Gyges’ great-great-grandson, was the last and most powerful Mermnad king; Alcibiades was a student of Socrates and a ward of Pericles, notable for his overweening ambition.)