18. The first to use the title "Tsar of all Russians" both in his own monarchy and towards foreign rulers, was Ivan IV Grozny. What was the title of Ivan I, Ivan II, and Ivan III who all preceded him?
From Quiz Tsars Ahoy!
Answer:
Grand Prince of Moscow
Between about 1280 and about 1500, the territory which we nowadays know as European Russia, was divided into several principalities, and all more or less subject to the Khan of the Golden Horde. The most important principalities were those of Moscow, Tver (some 180 km north-west of Moscow), and Vladimir (roughly 200 km to the east of Moscow). Gradually Moscow grew in importance, and by 1500 it could absorb the other principalities. Ivan III the Great, grand prince of Moscow form 1462 to 1505, was responsible for this expansion. It was Ivan III's son, Vasily III, and grandson, Ivan IV, who consolidated this territory, and Ivan IV transformed it to a centralized absolute monarchy.