Orange Is Opulent Trivia Quiz

Answer: Dundee

Formerly a hub for the textile industry, Dundee is located in eastern-central Scotland, on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, not far from the North Sea coast. One of Dundee's smaller industries was James Keiller and Sons, the first commercial brand of marmalade in Great Britain, established in 1795 by the heirs of James Keiller, a Dundee grocer and confectioner. According to a popular legend (now discredited), he bought a large quantity of Seville oranges from a Spanish ship that had sought refuge from a storm in Dundee; Keiller's mother, Janet, used the oranges to make marmalade. What made Keiller's marmalade a success was the addition of strips of peel, which enhanced the confection's taste and texture. The business expanded considerably in the 19th century, and their brand name was one of the first to be formally registered in 1867. The company ceased to exist in the 1990s, and the brand is now part of Hain Celestial Group, an American food company; the marmalade is produced in England for export to North America and Australasia. At the time of writing, Mackays are the only remaining producers of Dundee Orange Marmalade in the Dundee area.

Seville oranges, also known as bitter or bigarade oranges, are highly prized for marmalade-making because of their high pectin content. The word "marmalade" comes from "marmelo", the Portuguese word for "quince" - the fruit that was originally used to make this delicious confection.

Answer: Versailles

Orangeries are large greenhouses or conservatories where citrus trees and other plants from warmer climates can be kept during the winter months. In the 17th century, these buildings became a popular component of garden design in countries such as France, Germany and the Netherlands, whose cold winters did not allow citrus trees to be kept outside year round. Built between 1684 and 1686 by famed architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart for King Louis XIV (who was a great lover of orange trees), the Orangerie of the Palace of Versailles consists of three galleries that enclose a "parterre" (arrangement of flower beds) with a circular pool. Over 1,000 orange trees and other plants are exposed in the parterre from May to September; during the winter, the indoor spaces take advantage of natural exposure to the sun and double glazing to provide a favourable environment for the trees without resorting to artificial heating.

Other famous orangeries in Europe can be found at the Belvedere and Schönbrunn palaces in Vienna, at Peterhof and Tsarkoe Selo in Russia, in the Sanssouci Gardens in Potsdam (Germany), and in London's Kensington Gardens.

Answer: turmeric

The shades of yellow, orange and red of the robes of Buddhist monks ("kasaya" in Sanskrit) represent illumination, as well as renunciation of the world; the use of these particular colours are said to have been prescribed by Buddha himself in the 5th century BC. Buddhist scriptures also state that the dye for these robes must come from plants: turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is used for yellow-orange, while the heartwood of the jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus), imparts an ochre tint to the fabric. The name "saffron" is misnomer, as saffron is far too expensive to be used for dying large amounts of fabric. Another commonly used pigment is gamboge, derived from trees of the genus Garcinia.

Turmeric gives commercial curry powder mixes their characteristic golden-yellow colour. It is also used for medicinal purposes, and as an ingredient of a beverage known as "golden milk".

Answer: Ukraine

The Orange Revolution ("Pomarancheva Revoliutsiia") happened in reaction to the 2004 Ukrainian Presidential Election, which was perceived to have been plagued by instances of corruption, fraud, and voter intimidation. At first, the mass protests, which began on 22 November 2004 (the day following the run-off vote between Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych), were mostly centred in the country's capital of Kiev (Kyiv), though the movement quickly became nationwide. The protesters believed that the election had been rigged in favour of Yanukovych; in addition, in the month of September Yushchenko had been the victim of an assassination attempt by poisoning. The outcome of the protests was the cancellation of the election results: a second run-off - closely monitored by domestic and international observers - was held on 26 December 2004. Yushchenko won 52% of the vote, compared to Yanukovych's 44%, and was inaugurated as the third President of Ukraine on 23 January 2005. In 2010, Yanukovych was elected President, but was ousted four years later, during the 2014 Revolution of Dignity.

The Orange Revolution - named after the colour adopted by Yuschchenko's election campaign - was bloodless, unlike the one that happened in 2014, during which over 100 people died. A documentary film, titled "Orange Revolution", was produced and directed in 2007 by American filmmaker Steve York.

Unlike Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine, Finland was never part of the Soviet Union.

Answer: South America

There are two species of cock-of-the-rock, both native of South America: the Guianan cock-of-the-rock shown in the picture (Rupicola rupicola), and the Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), Peru's national bird. In spite of their common name (a reference to the generic name Rupicola, meaning "rock-dweller"), these birds are not related to gamefowl (Galliformes), but are passerine birds of the family Cotingidae. Guianan cocks-of-the-rock are about 30 cm (12 in) long, and weigh up to 200 grams (7.8 oz), while the members of the Andean species are somewhat larger. These birds, which feed mostly on fruit, also exhibit strong sexual dimorphism: males are characterized by their bright orange colouring and fan-shaped crest, while females are brownish-grey.

As its common name suggests, the Guianan cock-of-the-rock is found in the tropical rainforests of the area of northeastern South America known as the Guianan Shield; the Andean cock-of-the-rock lives in the cloud forests of the Andes mountain range.

Answer: women

In the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index of folktale types, "The Love for Three Oranges" is listed as type 408, in which a fairy bride is replaced by an imposter. The best-known variant of this story is "Li tre cetra" (The Three Citrons"), the concluding tale in Neapolitan author Giambattista Basile's "Pentamerone" (published in 1634 and 1636). This tale type deals with a young man's quest for a bride, whom he finds hidden inside a magical fruit. The lovers are separated by another woman (generally described as an ugly servant), who causes the fruit-maiden to turn into a bird by sticking a pin into her head. At the end of the tale, the imposter is discovered and punished, and the two lovers are reunited.

According to some scholars, the motif of the three oranges is related to the Greek myth of the golden apples of the Hesperides (one of Heracles' twelve labours): in fact, Carl Linnaeus gave the name "Hesperideae" to an order containing the genus Citrus.

"The Love for Three Oranges" is also the title of an opera by Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev (1921), based on a play by Italian author Carlo Gozzi, which was in turn based on Basile's fairy tale.

Answer: Valencia

Known in Valencian (a dialect of Catalan) as "Costa dels Tarongers" ("Orange Tree Coast"), the Costa del Azahar is located in the Castellón province of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain. The coast, named after the many orange groves present in the area, stretches for about 120 km (74.5 mi) on the Balearic Sea, a marginal sea of the Mediterranean. A number of resort towns are found along the coast, including the fortified medieval town of Peñiscola (shown in the photo), one of the locations where the popular fantasy TV series "Game of Thrones" was filmed.

Spain's third-largest city, Valencia is a historic city and a thriving container port. The Mediterranean climate of the Valencia region is favourable to the cultivation of citrus fruits, which have been grown there since the 11th century, when they were brought to the Iberian peninsula by the Moors. The oranges and other citrus fruit grown in the Valencian Community are protected by the European Union under the scheme known as PGI (Protected General Indication). However, the modern orange cultivar known as Valencia orange is a hybrid developed in California in the mid-19th century.

Answer: arsenic

Realgar and orpiment are both arsenic sulfide minerals: realgar (from the Arabic for "powder of the mine") is orange-red in colour, while orpiment, as suggested by its name (from the Latin "auripigmentum", meaning "gold pigment") is yellow-orange. These two minerals often occur in the same deposits, especially in volcanic environments; they have been used since antiquity for various purposes, such as rat and fly poison, or to remove hairs from animal skins prior to tanning. Their use as pigments can be traced back to Ancient Egypt, but died out when synthetic yellow, red and orange pigments became widely available. Both minerals are highly toxic and carcinogenic, and not particularly stable as pigments.

Many modern pigments contain cadmium, which is also toxic; cadmium-based pigments in the yellow-to-red range, however, are much more stable than orpiment, realgar, or the bright red vermilion (mercury sulfide).

The photo shows orpiment crystals found in the Twin Creeks gold mine in Nevada, US.

Answer: cloudberry

Called "averin" in Scotland, "lakka" in Finnish, and "hjortron" in Swedish, the cloudberry belongs to the genus Rubus of the rose family (Rosaceae). It grows wild in the circumpolar regions of the Northern Hemisphere, where it is often found in marshy areas, as well as in tundra and boreal forests. As the cloudberry is primarily a wild plant, its fruits - which turn a beautiful shade of golden orange when ripe, and have a unique, tart-sweet taste - tend to be quite expensive. Cloudberry jam is highly prized in Northern Europe, where it is used as a topping for waffles, pancakes and ice cream, or eaten with the Finnish fresh cheese known as "leipäjuusto" ("bread-cheese"); a sweet liqueur is also made from the berries. A cloudberry plant, with its beautiful fan-shaped leaves, appears on the obverse of the Finnish 2 euro coin (first series, 1999-2007).

None of the berries listed as wrong answers belong to the rose family.

Answer: Netherlands

A branch of the House of Nassau, a dynasty that originated in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, the House of Orange-Nassau was founded in 1544 by William the Silent (William I of Orange), the leader of the Dutch Revolt that eventually led to the independence of the Dutch Republic from the Spanish Empire (1581). William III of Orange, who became King of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1689, was the great-grandson of William I: the association of the colour orange with Protestantism in the British Isles (especially Northern Ireland) is a tribute to him.

The Princes of Orange were the de facto rulers ("stadtholders") of the confederation of states known as the Dutch Republic (1588-1795). In 1815, as a consequence of the Congress of Vienna, William VI of Orange proclaimed himself King William I of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The male line of the dynasty died out in 1948, when Queen Wilhelmina - a symbol of the country's resistance to the Nazis - passed away, leaving the throne to her only child, Juliana.

Very popular in their country, the Dutch royals are affectionately nicknamed "De Oranjes" (The Oranges), and orange is the official colour of the Netherlands. However, their name has nothing to do with the fruit, but comes from the Principality of Orange in southern France, whose name comes from the Latinized Gaulish "Arausio".