1. What island, raised from the sea by the Valar as a reward for the suffering of the Three Houses of the Edain in the First Age, was also known as the Land of Gift?
From Quiz A Tolkien of Gratitude
Answer:
Númenor
Númenor (Land in the West) was a star-shaped island situated in the Great Sea between Middle-earth and Aman, the Undying Lands. It was also known as Elenna (Starwards), Westernesse, and Andor (Land of Gift). At the beginning of the Second Age, the Edain who had lived in Beleriand (which had been destroyed in the War of Wrath) were led there by Elros, Elrond's twin brother, son of Eärendil and Elwing. Unlike his brother, Elros chose to be a mortal man, and became the first king of Númenor. The island was later swallowed by the sea when King Ar-Pharazôn attempted to invade Aman, and was then known as Atalantë, the Downfallen - Tolkien's own take on the myth of Atlantis.
Tol Eressëa (the Lonely Island) was the island off the eastern coast of Aman where the Elves dwelt. On the other hand, Erebor was the Sindarin name of the Lonely Mountain, and Nimrodel one of the rivers that ran from the Misty Mountains.